XHTML HowTo
How W3Schools Was Converted To XHTML
W3Schools was converted from HTML to XHTML the weekend of 18. and 19.
December 1999, by Hege Refsnes and Ståle Refsnes.
To convert a Web site from HTML to
XHTML, you should be familiar with the XHTML syntax rules of the previous
chapters. The following steps were executed
(in the order listed below):
A DOCTYPE Definition Was Added
The following DOCTYPE declaration was added as the first line of every page:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> |
Tip: Your pages must have a DOCTYPE declaration if you want them to validate as
correct XHTML.
Lowercase Tags And Attribute Names
Since XHTML is case-sensitive, and only accept lowercase
tags and attributes, a general "find-and-replace" function was executed to
replace all uppercase tags with lowercase tags. The same was done for
attribute names.
All Attribute Values Were Quoted
The XHTML
1.0 Recommendation states that all attribute values must be quoted, so every
page in W3Schools.com was checked to see that attribute values were quoted.
Empty Tags: <hr> , <br> and <img>
Empty tags are not allowed in XHTML. The <hr> and <br> tags
should be replaced with <hr /> and <br />.
A general "find-and-replace" function was executed to swap the tags.
We decided not to close the <img> tags with </img>, but with
/> at the end of the tag. This was done manually.
The Web Site Was Validated
Finally, all our pages were validated against the official W3C DTD Validator:
W3C XHTML Validator.
A few more errors were found and edited manually. The most common error was
missing </li> tags in lists.
We could also have used a converting tool like HTML TIDY.
Dave
Raggett's HTML TIDY is a free tool for cleaning up HTML code. It works
great on the hard-to-read markup, and it can help to identify where you need to pay
further attention on making your pages more accessible to people with
disabilities.
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